Which is the true version of the Bible?
Unfortunately, there are several answers to this question. Some versions
out there pretend to be the Word of God, but clearly are not. For example:
Jefferson’s Bible: Thomas Jefferson (that’s right, our Thomas Jefferson!)
did not believe in the Resurrection of Christ, feeling that anything written
in the Bible after the Resurrection could not be true, so he deleted such
"corrupt" text. His version is only the four gospels, without
any mention of facts occurring after the crucifixion of Christ.
New Kingdom Version: Jehovah’s Witnesses put out a very unorthodox
translation of the Bible, intended to back up their peculiar doctrine.
They claimed that this version was more true to the original Greek. Many
Greek scholars around the world challenged them on this and they finally
backed down, making several changes to their version to make it more true
to the original Greek. But, if it could be changed so easily, we have to
wonder if what remains may also be "changeable."
Joseph Smith’s Bible: The founder of Mormonism rewrote the Bible.
He tried to get a rich woman in his day to publish it. She asked to see
the manuscript first. After he handed it to her, she responded, "Now,
if this is truly from God, you should be able to reproduce it." Smith
could not pass this test, and this "inspired scripture" fell
out of the hands of the main (SLC) branch of Mormonism. The Reorganized
branch of Mormonism acquired this manuscript, and published it. The SLC
branch rejected the "inspired version" for many years, claiming
that it was outside their control, so they could not verify it. Therefore,
the Bible for the SLC branch was the King James Version, although they
maintained it was "not translated correctly." Recently, the SLC
branch agreed to endorse the Reorganized publication, which they now support.
Most of the remaining versions of the Bible (formally called "translations")
are good-faith attempts at translating the Scriptures from ancient languages.
As a result, as far as the "Salvation Message" is concerned,
you can find out how to be saved with any of these "good-faith"
translations of the Bible.
However, one of the main weaknesses of the Church today is its inability
to minister in Power Evangelism. Power Evangelism does not rest mainly
upon the words and arguments of the believer, but in the manifest power
of God that accompanies that message (e.g., healing, signs and wonders,
etc.). Unfortunately, it's hard to move in power when the source of that
power, the Bible, has faith-destroying notes at the bottom saying, "Better
translations say…" and "This was added by later transcribers."
It's difficult to give a quick history of the transcription of the
Bible since the early Church, but I will try:
- Thomas Jefferson is not unique as a corrupter of Scripture. Many
men throughout history have wanted to bend Scripture to their private interpretation.
Eusebius (A.D. 264-340), bishop of Caesarea and Church historian, wrote
that so many were corrupting Scripture in his day, claiming to "correct"
it, that agreement between copies was hopeless. We can trace a line of
Gnosticism (the belief that man's logic is greater than the revealed truth
of Scripture) and paganism through Justin Martyr, Tatian, Clement of Alexandria
and Origen. Justin Martyr was born the year John the Apostle died and wrote
the Diatessaron (a combination of the four Gospels into one account) which
had to be later destroyed by authorities in the fledgling Church because
many treated it as Gospel. His errors were passed to Tatian, his student,
who taught Clement, who taught Origen. Origen turned all Bible events into
allegories from which he interpreted new doctrine, saying, "The Scriptures
are of little use to those who understand them as they are written."
He taught 1) the soul was eternal before birth, 2) reincarnation based
upon works (similar to modern Hinduism), 3) devils could be saved, and
4) stars and planets had souls and were heading to the same "Nirvana"
of perfect wisdom that mankind was striving for. Many famous theologians
after him were strongly influenced by his teachings. Two main Greek text-groups
exist today, the Textus Receptus (called the "Majority Text"
because this is the most widely used in Christendom) and the Eusebio-Origen
text (This division is based upon Hort, who replaced the Textus Receptus
with the EO text as the source for most English-language translations since
his work on the 1881 Revised Standard Version).
- The main "better manuscripts" you see referred to in the
notes and translator's comments in your Bibles are the following:
- The Sinaitic, or Codex Aleph, was rescued by Tischendorf from a
waste basket as the monks were feeding it to the fire to keep warm. This
costly book made of the finest antelope skins (2 pages per skin) has been
defaced by at least 10 different scribes throughout the centuries, some
of the comments "systematically spread over every page." Apparently,
it has long been treated as scratch paper (making us wonder if its many
owners knew more about its worth than the theologians today).
- The Vatican MS or Codex B. In numerous places, the original scribe
wrote the same word or sentence twice in succession. One of the most significant
omissions is Mark 16:9-20. The original scribe was so uncertain about this
omission, that he left space for the entire omission, should he later change
his mind. These same verses are recognized for centuries before this scribe's
indecision:
- In the 2nd Century, by the Old Latin and Syriac Versions;
by Papias, Justin Martyr, Irenaeus and Tertullian
- In the 3rd Century, by the Coptic and the Sahidic Versions;
by Hippolytus, Vincentius at the 7th council of Carthage, by
the 'Acta Pilati' and by the 'Apostolical Constitutions' in two places
- In the 4th Century by Cureton's Syriac and the Gothic
versions, besides the Syriac Table of Canons, Eusebius, Marcarius Magnes,
Aphraates, Didymus, the Syriac 'Acts of the Apostles' , Epiphanius, Leontius,
Ephraem, Ambrose, Chrysostom, Jerome and Augustine.
- A few other manuscripts also factored into the changes to the Greek
supporting the King James, but these two (Vatican and Sinaitic) were responsible
for 90% of the 36,000 changes to the King James. The five Old Uncials (Aleph,
A, B, C and D) composing the "better manuscripts" are so disorganized,
that no two can agree on how to record the 45 words of the Lord's Prayer,
except that, in one case, two agree on the omission of a single article.
With a history like this, how can we find the true Gospel? Jesus
said, "Heaven and earth shall pass away, but My Word shall never perish."
For this reason, 95% of the documentary evidence for Scripture in the ancient
languages supports the Textus Receptus Greek, upon which the King James
and the New King James are based. Jesus did not mean that we would never
see corrupt text, for anybody can buy copies of the Jefferson, New Kingdom
or Smith's "Inspired Version" today. What He did mean was that
His Word would be available to those who were led of the Spirit, throughout
all history. The unpolluted line of the Textus Receptus has been there
for all languages, all peoples, through all time. Indeed, the supposedly
"better manuscripts" have been silent in Bible translations for
1500 years before their resurrection in modern times, being a strong contender
before that for only the 250 years from 200 to 450 AD.